Cholesterol Test

The fried foods and meals thick with saturated fat content are just some of the things that can send cholesterol levels skyrocketing. In order to maintain your health, it is suggested to request a cholesterol test on your next visit to the doctor. While there are several different blood tests that measure the various types of cholesterol in the body, a total test roughly indicates all of the cholesterol and triglycerides found in your blood. Before you investigate the meaning of the test and possible results, it is best to gain a basic understanding of the substance you are testing in the first place.

Cholesterol is a soft and waxy substance that is present all over your body. In order to properly function, your body actually needs cholesterol. However, too much of this substance and your arteries become clogged and your chances of developing heart disease increases. This is why some cholesterol is viewed as "good," while other types are considered undesirable. Additionally, there are different blood tests that measure the various kinds of cholesterol found in the body.

The Different Types of Cholesterol Testing

"Good" cholesterol is measured by an HDL (high density lipoprotein) test. These lipoproteins are proteins found in the blood that transport cholesterol and other lipids to various tissues. Studies reveal that the higher your HDL levels, the lower the risk you face for coronary artery disease.

"Bad" cholesterol is measured by using an LDL test, which calculates how much low-density lipoprotein your blood contains. LDL is a type of cholesterol responsible for clogging the arteries and causing cardiovascular disease. The test usually shows your vulnerability to heart disease. A low LDL reading suggests a lower risk for heart disease or stroke.

A lipid profile is a cholesterol test that involves many different indicators that measure cholesterol and triglycerides levels. This coronary risk profile highlights the danger for heart disease and is especially common amongst people who possess a history of heart disorders.

Test Preparation

The best results of cholesterol measurement comes when a patient does not eat or drink anything for nine to 12 hours before the test. Water is OK to drink, but it is suggested to avoid soda, tea, and coffee. Some people take drugs that will actually affect the final results of the test. Anabolic steroids, birth control pills, vitamin D, epinephrine, corticosteroids, and a few other drugs may increase total cholesterol measurements.

Medications like captopril, niacin, nitrates, statins, androgens, and MAO inhibitors may decrease the measurements of total cholesterol. A doctor may ask you to hold off on some of these drugs before your test. Additionally, pregnant women tend to have high LDL cholesterol levels, where waiting at least six weeks after the birth of a baby to have tests done is suggested.

What to Expect

All cholesterol tests are performed by drawing blood out of a vein often located inside of the elbow or on the back of the hand. The cool sensation of antiseptic is applied to the site before taking the blood. Usually, an elastic band is wrapped around the upper arm to create swelling of the veins. A needle is then inserted into the vein and in a matter of seconds, blood gathers into a vial or tube connected to the needle. After enough blood has been collected, the needle is removed and a band-aid is placed over the puncture site.

Overall, the needle used to collect blood brings about a range of sensations. Some people experience mild pain, while others only encounter a minor "prick." A stinging sensation may overcome others, which is sometimes followed by a bit of throbbing.

What Do the Test Results Mean?

When evaluating your LDL levels, a person facing a high risk of heart disease will have an LDL level less than 70 mg/dL (1.82 mmol/L). Intermediate risk is shown with a reading of less than 130 mg/dL (3.37 mmol/L). A low risk for heart disease is seen with a LDL less than 160 mg/dL (4.14 mmol/L).

Total cholesterol measures both HDL and LDL cholesterol. A desirable reading is less than 200 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Borderline high results are between 200 and 239 mg/dL, while high-risk patients produce results of 240 mg/dL and higher. High total cholesterol levels are often caused by a diet high in fat, uncontrolled diabetes, or hypothyroidism, while lower levels may indicate liver disease or malnutrition. 

Conclusion

The importance of a cholesterol test is to assess your risk for coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, and many other significant conditions. Medical professionals recommend undergoing complete cholesterol and triglycerides testing every five years starting at the age of 20. Those who suffer hypothyroidism, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, and a few other conditions especially benefit from this kind of testing.